就在今晚在西太平洋Vanuatu(紐西蘭上方附近，東印尼)發生了兩次7.0以上的地震，預計將會有海嘯的發生，整個太平洋都在警戒範圍內。
就在後學之前的文章中有提到，最近在太平洋火環帶上面得很多火山都顯得很不平靜，同時也才剛剛發生了今年的最大的X級太陽耀斑。預計在未來一陣子，地震活度將會增加，震度將會提昇，同時在阿拉斯加和美國西岸，都有可能會發生劇烈的火山活動和地震活動。
上面是美國USGS的截圖，可以看到發生的時間相當接近。
2011年8月20日 星期六
2011年8月18日 星期四
2011年8月13日 星期六
大洪水真相，地球磁極逆轉
關於訪客提到的洪水問題你說得沒錯，在11500年前，很有可能有大洪水的產生。這件事並不是神話，而是有很多科學證據的~!
上面這一張圖是地球再過去15000年來的氣溫變化。我們可以很清楚的看到，地球溫度大概在11500年前，從新仙女木期(younger Dryus)的低溫中走出來，在短短的100年間就上升了將近10度，然後在1500年間總共上昇了17度左右。(我們現在的全球暖化，上升幅度連1度都不到。若我們活在那時候該怎麼辦??)在那麼短時間內的氣溫大幅度上昇，造成了南北極的冰層大幅溶解，拿兩萬年前的海平面和現今對比，現在的海平面上升了120公尺。所以不可避免的，活在當時的人們，被上昇的海平面逼得要移居。所以不只聖經有諾亞方舟的故事。全世界各地都有大洪水的傳說，總共有兩百多則~!中國有大禹治水的故事，埃及有尼羅河氾濫的故事，中東有兩河流域氾濫的故事。你若仔細查看，就會看到，這是一個全世界共同的故事，也就代表著在當時，這是世界性的災難~!至於大洪水會不會再發生一次呢??我認為機率不大~!你可以由上圖很清楚的看到，目前地球的溫度，在過去15000年的歷史中，處於相對高點，要再大幅度的上昇10度以上的機率不大。同時，整個地球的氣候歷史，大部分得時間其實都是在冰河時期裡，只有短短的溫暖期才會有生命的出現。而每個溫暖期得時間大約都在12000年左右就結束了。所以，冰河期來臨得機會大過溫暖期得來臨。
至於你所提到的磁極逆轉。這個也是地球的自然循環之一，他自有自己的步驟。
至於你所提到的磁極逆轉。這個也是地球的自然循環之一，他自有自己的步驟。
上面這張圖是地球過去8300萬年間的磁極轉換圖表。再過去8300萬年間，地球共發生過184次的磁極轉換。但是他的頻率很不固定。在7200萬年前，磁極會在100萬年間逆轉5次。在5400萬年前，在400萬年間，磁極逆轉10次。在4200萬年前，磁極在短短的300萬年間逆轉17次。在2400萬年前，在300萬年間共逆轉了13次。再過去1500萬年間，有大約51次的磁極逆轉。最近的一次磁極逆轉是發生在78萬年前。由以上的科學證據顯示，磁極逆轉的規律，目前還未掌握到，全世界沒有人可以說得準下次的磁極逆轉會發生在什麼時候。
至於你提到的光子帶，我想問你幾個問題。請問，目前這個銀河有多大，有誰知道??銀河目前沒人知道到底有多大，全部的知識都是推斷的，真相是沒人知道銀河多大。既然沒人知道，那又有誰可以畫出整個銀河的平面圖 ，平面圖不知道哪裡來的。接下來，全世界有那麼多的天文學家和天文台，請問你有聽過有哪個天文台或天文學家有宣稱說他們發現光子帶這個東西嗎??如果沒有，請問這個詞你只有在哪裡看到??只有在網路上有關2012的傳說中會看到~!那既然是這樣，光子帶沒有所謂的天文學的實際證明，請問這個東西可以相信嗎??
最後你提到的Niburu行星。地球每天有上千顆流星墜落，每一顆都幾乎在大氣中就燃燒殆盡了，連地殼都碰不到。那麼流星撞地球的事情， 期時天天都在發生，不用大驚小怪，自己嚇自己。做飛機墜機的機率都比走在路上被流星打中得機率高很多很多。但我們每天出門會擔心飛機掉下來砸到我頭上嗎??我想我們多少有這個念頭，但我們大可不用擔心。地球很有可能會有比較大顆的行星會來撞擊我們，但是地球本身有自己的防衛機制，不太會發生恐龍滅絕的那種撞擊。(況且，恐龍滅絕真得是因為衛星撞擊嗎，現在也沒有定論??)撞向地球的小行星，大部分都會被月球吸引過去，撞擊到月球上面，所以月球表面才充滿坑洞。只有非常少的小行星有機會撞擊地球~!所以，請不用煩惱~!還是請你多多關注自己應當做的事情。完成自己的本分為先~!千萬不要庸人自擾~!網路上的消息，也不要盡信~!就連錢神的資訊，也要抱著懷疑的態度，自己去做考證，自己去做調研，來發覺資料的正確性，這樣才會增長智慧，不會被網路上的有心人所欺騙~!
2011年8月12日 星期五
2011年1月~七月的平均溫度是過去11年中的第二低溫
RSS AMSU, Jan-Jul: 2011 second coldest in this century
According to RSS AMSU, the first 7 months were the 2nd coldest January-July period in this century so far (second among 11 candidate years).
The top 15 ranking of the years 1979-2011 according to the average temperature during the first seven months is as follows:- 1998: 0.652
- 2010: 0.545
- 2002: 0.373
- 2005: 0.356
- 2007: 0.310
- 2003: 0.295
- 2004: 0.230
- 2006: 0.206
- 2001: 0.195
- 2009: 0.168
- 1991: 0.163
- 2011: 0.138
- 1995: 0.134
- 1988: 0.121
- 1983: 0.118
Some warming may have been taking place in recent months - because of the delayed effect of the disappearing La Nina a few months ago.
Right now, the ENSO oscillations are finding themselves in ENSO neutral conditions.
However, the latest weekly ENSO report says that the ONI 3.4 anomaly is at -0.4 °C - it went down again and is approaching -0.5 °C, the boundary of the La Nina conditions, again.
Also, their models show that there are equal odds that we will see continuing neutral conditions in the Fall - or that we will see another La Nina episode. I
2011年1月~七月的平均溫度是過去11年中的第二低溫，只有2008年的這段期間比它低，其他的溫度都比較高。顯示了地球的溫度正逐漸降低當中，而不是IPCC所認為的上昇。
病原真菌很有可能在未來的氣候變遷中，對地球的森林造成嚴重危害
Fungi Accelerated Demise Of World’s Forests In The Past
An aggressive tree-killing fungi triggered by climate change helped to accelerate the demise of the world’s forests more than 250 million years ago, according to a multinational teams of scientists.
Scientists from Utrecht University, Imperial College London and the University of California, Berkeley, said that they were unable to rule out the possibility that today’s changing climate could cause a similar increase in pathogenic soil bacteria that could devastate forests already stressed by a warming climate and pollution.
The study, available online this week, will be published in the September 2011 print edition of the journal Geology of the Geological Society of America.
The death of the forests – primarily comprised of conifers, which are distant relatives of today’s pines and firs – was part of the largest extinction of life on Earth, which occurred when today’s continents were part of one supercontinent, Pangaea.
The so-called Permian extinction likely was triggered by immense volcanic eruptions in what is now Siberia. The huge amounts of gas and dust thrown into the atmosphere altered global climate, and some 95 percent of marine organisms and 70 percent of land organisms eventually went extinct.
The scientists claim that thread-like or filamentous microfossils commonly preserved in Permian rock are relatives of a group of fungi, Rhizoctonia, that today is known for members that attack and kill plants.
“Modern Rhizoctonia include some of the most ubiquitous plant pathogens, causing root, stem and foliar diseases in a wide variety of plants,” said coauthor Cindy Looy, UC Berkeley assistant professor of integrative biology. “Based on patterns of present-day forest decline, it is likely that fungal disease has been an essential accessory in woodland destabilization, accelerating widespread tree mortality during the end-Permian crisis.”
The conifer forests, which covered the semi-arid equatorial region of Pangaea, were eventually replaced by lycopods – four foot-tall relatives of today’s diminutive club mosses – as well as by seed ferns (pteridosperms). The conifers didn’t recover for another 4 to 5 million years.
Looy and her colleagues – Henk Visscher of the Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology at Utrecht University in the Netherlands and Mark Sephton of the Impacts and Astromaterials Research Centre at Imperial College, London – caution that today’s changing climate could also lead to increased activity of pathogenic soil microbes that could accelerate the death of trees already stressed by higher temperatures and drought.
“Pathogenic fungi are important elements of all forest ecosystems,” said Visscher. “When an entire forest becomes weakened by environmental stress factors, onslaught of damaging fungal diseases can result in large-scale tissue death and tree mortality.”
The researchers dispute the conclusion of other researchers who claim that the thread-like microfossils are the remains of algae. Furthermore, while the researchers previously thought that Reduviasporonites were fungi that took advantage of dying forests, they now believe the fungi actively helped destroy the forests.
“Previously, mass occurrences of Reduviasporonites had been ascribed to wood-rotting fungi living off an excessive abundance of dead wood,” said Looy, a paleobotanist who focuses on pollen and spores as keys to understanding past plant communities. “However, the notion that the microfossils represent Rhizoctonia-like resting structures suggest a much more active role for fungi in the ecological crisis:”
The researchers’ conclusion comes largely from the fact that they have found living fungi in the genus Rhizoctonia that have a dormant or resting stage during their life cycles in which they look nearly identical to Reduviasporonites.
“One of our problems was that the microfossils didn’t resemble the hyphae of known fungi,” Looy said. “But a few years ago, we realized that we were looking in the wrong direction; that we should have been looking at fungal resting structures, not normal hyphae.”
Fungi typically spread by means of thread-like hyphae, which can form immense underground networks of mycelia, especially in forests where the fungi live in a symbiotic relationship with tree roots. Each filament is a chain of cells with hard walls made of chitin, the same substance that insects use for their exoskeleton.
Fossilized hyphae of Reduviasporonites stoschianus, aggregated into a mass that looks like the sclerotia of the living fungus Rhizoctonia.
When these hyphae branch and intertwine, they may form resting structures known as sclerotia. Sclerotia of modern soil-borne fungi such as Rhizoctonia look nearly identical to the disc-shaped structures found among the Reduviasporonites microfossils. Sclerotia are energy storage structures that can help fungi survive extreme conditions.
The team concluded that the loss of trees and the roots that hold soil in place led to severe topsoil erosion, which carried the sclerotia to the sea.
The team concluded that the loss of trees and the roots that hold soil in place led to severe topsoil erosion, which carried the sclerotia to the sea.
The researchers acknowledge that conifer forests probably suffered from other environmental stresses as a result of the long-term volcanic eruptions, which spewed carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere and likely destroyed some of Earth’s protective ozone layer.
Nevertheless, they wrote in their paper, “… whatever (the) sequence of events that triggered ecosystem destabilization on land, the aggressiveness of soil-borne pathogenic fungi must have been an integral factor involved in Late Permian forest decline worldwide.”
病原真菌很有可能在過去2億5千萬年前，加速了世界森林的消失。而由Utrecht University,
Imperial College London and the University of California, Berkeley這些大學所組成的科學團隊，他們並不排除在目前的氣候變遷中，會引起類似2億5千萬年的森林大面積滅絕的事件。
二疊紀滅絕事件很有可能是被大量的火山噴發所引起。大量的火山噴發夾帶著大量的瓦斯和灰塵進入大氣層，並改變了地球的氣候。造成了95%的海洋有機物70%的陸地有機物滅絕。
隨著地球的火山活動愈趨頻繁，也會間接影響到地球的氣候變化，從而讓病原真菌更有力的發展，對地球上的森林面積造成一定程度的影響。
新一波的蜜蜂致命傳染病 American foulbrood (AFB)正在蔓延
Biological Hazard in Sweden on Wednesday, 27 July, 2011 at 03:31 (03:31 AM) UTC.
The discovery of a deadly bee disease among several broods in western Sweden have prompted a warning from agriculture officials concerned about containing the contagious illness. A number of bee broods outside Varberg in Halland County have been affected by American foulbrood (AFB), considered one the most common and damaging diseases affecting bees. The disease has no known cure and can cause significant economic harm if not contained. "Beekeepers are urged to go through their hives and look for signs of the spores so to ensure the brood isn't infected," the Halland County governing board said in a statement. The disease affects new bee larvae up to three days old, which become infected by ingesting spores that are present in their food. Spores germinate inside of and eventually kill the larvae, which can contain millions of new spores. The only way to stop the disease from spreading is to burn hives in which it is discovered. "It's taken too many broods among a number of serious beekeepers and there is a risk that the disease will spread," Gert Lagerstedt, a beekeeper and head of bee supervision for the county, told Sveriges Radio (SR). If the disease is discovered, beekeepers are required to file a report with county agriculture officials and then destroy the brood, a policy which has kept the disease rare in Sweden, Eva Forsgren, a honey bee disease researcher at the Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), told SR. However, as AFB has already spread to so many broods in Halland County, concerns are growing that the disease could spread further.
新一波的蜜蜂致命傳染病 American foulbrood (AFB)，已經在瑞典西部被發現，目前沒有任何的醫療手段能夠治癒此種疾病，他將會造成感染的蜜蜂群大量的死亡，對農業造成無比的傷害。目前唯一的預防手段就是，一旦發現蜂巢受感染，就立刻把該蜂巢燒毀。用此方式來控制它的蔓延。
The discovery of a deadly bee disease among several broods in western Sweden have prompted a warning from agriculture officials concerned about containing the contagious illness. A number of bee broods outside Varberg in Halland County have been affected by American foulbrood (AFB), considered one the most common and damaging diseases affecting bees. The disease has no known cure and can cause significant economic harm if not contained. "Beekeepers are urged to go through their hives and look for signs of the spores so to ensure the brood isn't infected," the Halland County governing board said in a statement. The disease affects new bee larvae up to three days old, which become infected by ingesting spores that are present in their food. Spores germinate inside of and eventually kill the larvae, which can contain millions of new spores. The only way to stop the disease from spreading is to burn hives in which it is discovered. "It's taken too many broods among a number of serious beekeepers and there is a risk that the disease will spread," Gert Lagerstedt, a beekeeper and head of bee supervision for the county, told Sveriges Radio (SR). If the disease is discovered, beekeepers are required to file a report with county agriculture officials and then destroy the brood, a policy which has kept the disease rare in Sweden, Eva Forsgren, a honey bee disease researcher at the Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), told SR. However, as AFB has already spread to so many broods in Halland County, concerns are growing that the disease could spread further.
新一波的蜜蜂致命傳染病 American foulbrood (AFB)，已經在瑞典西部被發現，目前沒有任何的醫療手段能夠治癒此種疾病，他將會造成感染的蜜蜂群大量的死亡，對農業造成無比的傷害。目前唯一的預防手段就是，一旦發現蜂巢受感染，就立刻把該蜂巢燒毀。用此方式來控制它的蔓延。
索馬利亞面臨60年來最嚴重的乾旱和饑荒，導致1200萬人面臨生死存亡關頭
UN says famine zones are spreading across Somalia
August 7, 2011 – SOMALIA -The drought and accompanying famine in East Africa continues to get worse with each passing day: Three more regions of Somalia have been declared famine zones–defined as places where at least 20% of households face severe shortages and when more than 2 people in 10,000 die daily from hunger. The worst drought there in 60 years has destroyed crops and left 12 million people at risk of starving. Al Jazeera reports that 29,000 children have died from starvation in the past three months. In total 3.2 million people are in need of immediate humanitarian assistance
索馬利亞政在面臨60年來最嚴重的乾旱和饑荒，目前在東非有1200萬人嚴重營養不良需要救助。其中有280萬已經瀕臨死亡，這其中又有45萬索馬裏難民。在索馬裏，每天有250名兒童死去，平均每6分鐘就有一個生命夭亡。長期營養不良的兒童，身體毫無抵抗力，痢疾、霍亂跟麻疹等傳染病，在難民營裏頭迅速蔓延，越來越多小孩病死。首都摩加迪沙一間醫院 , 已經錄得 4270多宗霍亂個案, 當中超過 180人死亡 , 而大部份患者都是五歲以下的兒童. 染病數字是去年是兩至三倍, 認為疫情正在蔓延, 由於當地缺水缺糧, 加速災民遷徙 , 增加了疫情進一步擴散的風險。聯合國希望籌募到25億美元進行人道救援，但目前各國經濟狀況都不好，收到的捐款連一半都不到。
索馬利亞饑荒惡化，除了政府沒有作為，控制南部災區的伊斯蘭民兵青年黨，封鎖當地不讓人道團體進入也是導致問題越來越嚴重的原因。青年黨還說聯合國為了政 治目的誇大災情。為了阻止饑民逃離，民兵把他們追回來之後關進軍營。得不到國際援助，加上當地的醫院條件很差，未來不僅兒童恐怕連大人都很難撐下去。
希望國際社會快點伸出援手，進去執行迫切的人道救援活動。
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